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SUFFOLK COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Division of Science, Engineering & Technology
Biology Department

BY 30 - Anatomy & Physiology I

Prof. D. S. Kisiel Second Examination
Section 2408 & 2409 29 October 1990

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Please read each question very carefully and choose the BEST answer of the choices given. Blacken the corresponding space on the special answer sheet provided.

1. The cell is considered the basic functional unit of the body because:
a. it is the basic structural unit
b. it carries out most of the basic life processes
c. it can have many different shapes
d. it was discovered by microscopic studies
e. all of the above

2. Which cells have NO distinct nuclear region or organelles?
a. prokaryotic d. fundamental
b. eukaryotic e. nervous
c. epithelial

3. The PRIMARY function of the plasma membrane is to:
a. act as a chemical messenger
b. provide a site for attachment of proteins
c. produce energy
d. regulate the internal environment of the cell
e. synthesize protein

4. Cell membranes:
a. are permeable to many particles
b. may contain carrier molecules
c. are composed of two outer lipid layers and an inner protein layer
d. "a" and "b" of the above
e. all of the above

5. "Carrier molecules" utilized in transport mechanisms:
a. are protein in nature and are denatured by heat
b. exhibit "specificity' for substrates
c. contain amino acids linked in chains
d. would be manufactured by the endoplasmic reticulum of cells
e. all of the above

6. The system of a double membranous structure of canals which extends throughout the cytoplasm is called the:
a. endoplasmic reticulum d. nucleolus
b. Golgi body e. plasma membrane
c. mitochondrion

7. Which of the following organelles in NOT surrounded by a membrane?
a. endoplasmic reticulum d. nucleus
b. Golgi body e. ribosome
c. lysosome
8. Ribosomes:
a. are the sites of protein synthesis
b. have a unit membrane
c. are the sites of energy production
d. are always attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
e. all of the above

9. The cytoplasm contains:
a. small molecules d. water
b. large molecules e. all of the above
c. organelles

10. Which of the following substance are found in LOW concentrations within the cellular cytoplasm?
a. Na+ d. K+
b. glucose e. "a" and "b" of the above
c. amino acids

11. The Golgi bodies participate in the movement of:
a. the whole cell
b. proteins that are synthesized for export
c. the chromatids during mitosis
d. the cilia of the respiratory epithelium
e. all of the above

12. Lysosomes:
a. produce energy d. contain centrosomes
b. contain hydrolytic enzymes e. synthesize proteins
c. transport cytoplasmic organelles

13. The mitochondria function as sites for:
a. cellular respiration within cells
b. digestive processes within cells
c. synthesis of glycoproteins within cells
d. transport of cytoplasmic nutrients
e. movement of chromosomes during cell reproduction

14. Which organelle is made up of nine groups of tubules in
a circle, with two tubules per group and two additional
tubules in the center of the circle:
a. centriole d. cilium
b. basal body e. endoplasmic reticulum
c. microfilament

15. Which organelle is involved with cell reproduction?
a. centriole d. lysosome
b. ribosome e. mitochondrion
c. cell membrane

16. The control center for protein synthesis in the cell is the:
a. nucleus d. cell membrane
b. Golgi body e. none of the above
c. mitochondria

17. Nucleoli:
a. are storage areas for heredity information
b. appear only during cellular division
c. represent coiled up chromosomes
d. are located in the nucleus
e. all of the above
18. Which of the following is NOT a form of passive transport?
a. ion pumps d. filtration
b. diffusion e. facilitated diffusion
c. osmosis

19. The movement of sugar molecules FROM an area of high concentration TO an area of low concentration is:
a. osmosis d. bulk flow
b. diffusion e. active transport
c. filtration

20. Which of the following affect the rate of diffusion?
a. temperature d. all the above
b. concentration e. none of the above
c. molecular size

21. The diffusion of water along its concentration gradient,
through a membrane is:
a. osmosis d. differential solubility
b. active transport e. filtration
c. facilitated diffusion

22. Osmosis ALWAYS involves:
a. a differentially permeable membrane
b. a difference in solvent concentration
c. diffusion
d. active transport
e. all of the above, EXCEPT "d".

23. If a chamber, divided by a membrane which is permeable to water molecules but not to glucose molecules, has the left side filled with a 3% glucose solution, while the right side is filled to the same level with a 4% glucose solution, which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. water moves across the membrane equally in both directions
b. water moves across the membrane only towards the left
c. glucose moves across the membrane equally in both directions
d. water moves in both directions, but mainly to the left
e. water moves in both directions, but mainly to the right

24. If solution A is isotonic to blood plasma, then solution A has:
a. the same solute but different solvent concentrations
b. different solute and different solvent concentrations
c. the same solute and solvent concentrations
d. neither solute nor solvent concentrations
e. different solute but same solvent concentrations.

25. Based on your understanding of osmosis, what would happen
to the cells of the body if a large amount of water was
injected into the blood?
a. Water would move into the cells.
b. Osmotic pressure would cause the cells to swell.
c. Water will move from the blood in an attempt to reach equilibrium.
d. None of the above
e. All of the above.
26. Movement across the membrane by dissolution is dependent on the solubility of the substance in:
a. lipid d. cytoplasm
b. protein e. none of the above
c. water

27. Active transport:
a. means that molecules move from low to high regions of concentration
b. does not require energy
c. is never found in living systems
d. means that molecules move from high to low regions of concentration
e. "b" and "d" of the above.

28. Which of the following requires expenditure of energy?
a. active transport d. bulk flow
b. diffusion e. all of the above
c. osmosis

29. Which of the following is NOT a property of active transport?
a. movement across a membrane
b. use of energy
c. action of an enzyme
d. presence of a carrier molecule
e. movement along a concentration gradient

30. Food particles may be ingested by certain cells through a
process called:
a. cyclosis d. engulfment
b. phagocytosis e. pinocytosis
c. vesiculation

31. The physiologic process which engulfs fluid into the cell is called:
a. phagocytosis d. all of the above
b. pinocytosis e. none of the above
c. anabolism

32. A stimulus to a membrane:
a. changes its environment
b. alters its permeability
c. affects its ionic distribution
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

33. If the sodium level of a person's blood is INCREASED (by the injection of NaCl), the resting potential of all cells would:
a. increase away from equilibrium
b. initiate impulses
c. remain the same
d. disappear
e. decrease toward equilibrium

34. A subthreshold stimulus delivered to a neuron produces:
a. no electrical or permeability changes in the cell membrane
b. a propagated action potential
c. a proportional increase in the membrane potential (a slight hyper- polarization
d. a proportional increase in the membrane potential (a slight hypo-polarization)
e. no membrane effect
35. Active transport in conducting membranes is:
a. responsible for the movement of water
b. required to move K+ out of the cell
c. functional with the aid of the proper enzymes and energy use
d. responsible for Na+ removal to the interstitial fluid
e. "c" and "d" of the above.

36. When a neuron becomes depolarized:
a. it dies
b. it is able to regenerate
c. it may transmit a neural impulse
d. the interior of the cell membrane becomes more negative compared to the interstitial fluid
e. the sodium-potassium pump begins working.

37. Bioelectric phenomena of impulse conduction are due to:
a. ionic imbalance & diffusion d. dialysis and filtration
b. electron transport e. all of the above
c. osmosis

38. When nerve impulses in many DIFFERENT stimulatory presynaptic cells traveling to one postsynaptic cell may arrive there about the same time, this is known as:
a. divergence d. saltatory conduction
b. temporal summation e. none of the above
c. spatial summation

39. Which one of the following is TRUE?
a. Action potentials are an all or none phenomenon
b. Large diameter axons conduct action potentials at slower rate than smaller diameter axons.
c. The action potentials in unmyelinated axons show saltatory conduction.
d. A nerve impulse is a graded response.
e. Local potentials are the result of threshold stimuli only.

40. The FIRST event in repolarization of the nerve cell membrane is:
a. inflow of sodium ions into the cell
b. diffusion of sodium ions out of the cell
c. pumping of sodium ions out of the cell
d. pumping of potassium ions into the cell
e. diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell

41. Which one of the events listed below occurs THIRDLY in the formation of a nerve impulse?
a. the inside of the cell becomes positively charged
b. the potassium channels open
c. sodium ions leave the cell
d. the sodium channels open
e. the sodium-potassium pump becomes activated

42. At some time during the 1 millisecond period of an action potential in a nerve cell, the:
a. nerve is absolutely refractory to a second stimulus
b. inside of the axon becomes positive
c. diffusion of sodium into the nerve is increased
d. membrane permeability to potassium increases
e. all of the above

43. Which of the following is NOT part of a neuron?
a. axon d. dendrite
b. centrosome e. myelin sheath
c. cell body

44. Neurons are composed of a cell body and two kinds of processes known as:
a. myelins and neurilemmas d. receptors and effectors
b. dendrites and axons e. nodes of Ranvier
c. ganglia and synapses

45. A myelin sheath is:
a. made of phospholipids and glycolipids
b. found in most axons
c. helpful in conducting impulses
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

46. In saltatory conduction, the impulse:
a. travels along a myelinated axon
b. travels from node to node
c. skips the internodes
d. travels very rapidly
e. all of the above

47. The junction of two nerve cells is called a:
a. axon hillock d. dendrite
b. neuron e. synapse
c. node of Ranvier

48. Transmitter substance:
a. is released from vesicles in the synaptic knobs
b. is taken up by specific receptors upon the cell bodies of
post-synaptic neurons
c. acts to initiate impulses in post-synaptic neurons
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

49. Where is acetylcholine released?
a. at the nerve cell body d. at terminal ends of axon
b. at dendrite ends e. all along the neuron
c. at nodes of Ranvier

50. The releases of acetylcholine at a neuromuscular junction can cause a local depolarization on the muscle cell membrane called a(n):
a. generator potential d. IPSP
b. local potential e. EPSP
c. end-plate potential

Interesting Quote:

"Work is only well done, when it is done with a will."