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SUFFOLK COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Division of Science, Engineering & Technology
Biology Department

BY 32 - Anatomy & Physiology I I

Prof. D. S. Kisiel Third Examination
Sections 2414 16 April 1992

PART I - MULTIPLE CHOICE (80 points): Please read each question very carefully and choose the BEST answer of the choices given. Blacken the corresponding space on the special answer sheet provided.

1. Water output normally is GREATEST through which of the following:
a. skin d. lungs
b. kidneys e. heart
c. gastrointestinal tract

2. The kidneys are considered to be the main excretory organ and a key organ in maintaining homeostasis because they:
a. eliminate nitrogenous wastes
b. regulate salt concentrations in the blood
c. maintain proper pH of the blood
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

3. Which of the following is the CORRECT order of structures
through which urine passes?
a. glomerulus, urethra, bladder, ureter
b. hilum, bladder, ureter
c. pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra
d. hilum, urethra, bladder, ureter
e. pelvis, urethra, bladder

4. The trigone is the:
a. layer of loose connective tissue covering the kidney
b. concave medial border of the kidney
c. triangular area in the floor of the urinary bladder marked by openings of the ureters and urethra
d. large cavity containing the renal pelvis
e. bundle of muscle fibers around the urethral openings of the urinary bladder

5. Which of the following occur(s) when there is an INCREASE in the volume of urine in an infant bladder.
a. The stretch receptors fire.
b. The sensory neuron stimulates the parasympathetic nerves to
the bladder.
c. The sensory neuron inhibits the somatic nerve to the external sphincter.
d. Urine leaves the bladder via the urethra.
e. All of the above

6. Which one of the following listed is pierced THIRDLY by a
pin entering the kidney from the OUTSIDE?
a. base of pyramid d. cortex
b. pelvis e. renal capsule
c. papillae

7. Through which of the following sequences of blood vessels does the blood flow within the kidney?
a. interlobular artery - afferent arteriole - glomerulus - peritubular capillaries - efferent arteriole
b. interlobular artery - afferent arteriole - glomerulus -
efferent arteriole - peritubular capillaries
c. afferent arteriole - glomerulus -interlobular artery -efferent arteriole - peritubular capillaries
d. interlobular artery - efferent arteriole - glomerulus -
afferent arteriole - peritubular capillaries
e. afferent arteriole - glomerulus - interlobular artery -
peritubular capillaries- efferent arteriole

8. Bowman's capsule:
a. returns material to the blood
b. filters material from the blood
c. makes urea
d. contains urine in its final stage
e. surrounds the kidney (=true capsule)

9. Of the structures listed, which of these is passed through THIRD
by a water molecule?
a. proximal convoluted tubule d. loop of Henle
b. Bowman's capsule e. glomerulus
c. distal convoluted tubule

10. The region of the distal convoluted tubule that is in
contact with the afferent arteriole is called the:
a. collecting duct d. glomerulus
b. macula densa e. renal hilum
c. peritubular capillaries

11. Given the following data, calculate the Effective Glomerular Filtration Pressure: glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure = 67 mmHg;
blood osmotic pressure = 28 mmHg; Bowman's capsule osmotic pressure = 4 mmHg; Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure = 14 mmHg.
a. 14 mmHg d. 25 mmHg
b. 19 mmHg e. none of the above
c. 22 mmHg

12. Under normal circumstances, filtrate passing from the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule is FREE of:
a. water d. chloride
b. glucose e. urea
c. proteins

13. Organic components of normal urine included large quantities of:
a. ammonia d. "a" and "b" of the above
b. ketone bodies e. all of the above
c. glucose
14. During those times when the human body must conserve water, MORE water than usual is reabsorbed from the:
a. glomeruli d. ureters
b. proximal convoluted tubules e. urinary bladder
c. collecting ducts

15. Which of the following statements is CORRECT concerning tubular secretion?
a. H+ is secreted to form a weak acid of urine
b. occurs only in the distal convoluted tubules
c. ammonia (NH3) is secreted as ammonia (NH4+)
d. "a" and "b" of the above
e. all of the above

16. Which of the following is produced in the plasma in response to the
production of renin?
a. enterogastrone d. glucagon
b. angiotensin e. gastrin
c. catecholamine

17. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
a. Aldosterone is important in regulating the electrolyte
composition of the blood and urine.
b. If one perspires greatly, the urine volume will also increase.
c. Urine normally has about the same pH as blood.
d. "b" and "c" of the above.

18. A diuretic serves to do all the following EXCEPT:
a. gets rid of excess glucose
b. gets rid of excess Na+
c. relieves excess water
d. relieves hypertension
e. stimulates thirst sensation

19. Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland?
a. pancreas d. thyroid
b. adrenals e. hypophysis
c. salivary

20. Many hormones exert their effects on cells by influencing:
a. enzyme controlled reactions d. DNA
b. mitochondria function e. none of the above
c. lysosome activity

21. Which one of the following listed occurs THIRDLY?
a. hormone molecules bind to receptor sites
b. genes become activated
c. hormone-receptor molecules migrate to the nucleus
d. receptor proteins are structurally changed
e. protein synthesis occurs at ribosomes
22. Which of the following types of hormones can readily pass through
the lipid barrier of the target cell's membrane?
a. amines d. polypeptides
b. small proteins e. steroids
c. large proteins

23. If a given hormone acts on another endocrine glad and causes that gland to secrete its hormone, then the first hormone is called a(n):
a. feedback hormone d. inhibiting hormone
b. acceleratory hormone e. target hormone
c. tropic hormone

24. The part of the brain that has a direct connection to the
pituitary gland and produces releaser substances is the:
a. cerebellum d. pons
b. medulla e. hypothalamus
c. cerebrum

25. Removal of the anterior pituitary would affect all BUT the:
a. mammary glands d. adrenal medulla
b. adrenal cortex e. gonads
e. thyroid gland

26. Which one of the following is CORRECT about ACTH?
a. Undersecretion leads to symptoms of Cushing's disease.
b. It is a steroid.
c. It stimulates the release of norepinephrine.
d. It stimulates the production of mineralocorticoids.
e. Oversecretion leads to atrophy of the adrenal cortex.

27. Which one of the following is INCORRECT?
a. TSH is produced by the adenohypophysis.
b. TSH is a steroid.
c. TSH undersecretion can lead to abnormal skeletal ossification in the young as well as to mental retardation.
d. TSH oversecretion can lead to the formation of a goiter.
e. TSH affects the thyroid gland.

28. Which of the following is INCORRECT?
a. Undersecretion of the gonadotropins in males may cause
hypogonadotropic eunuchoidism.
b. FSH and LH are both present in males.
c. FSH stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes.
d. Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum
e. Hyposecretion of FSH usually leads to sterility

29. Milk producing breast tissue may become non-functional as the result of HYPOSECRETION of:
a. luteinizing hormone d. oxytocin
b. prolactin e. growth hormone
c. follicle stimulating hormone
30. Acromegaly:
a. is a disease of children
b. results from an excess of growth hormone
c. can occur only if the epiphyses are still active
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

31. Diabetes insipidus is:
a. caused by a lack of insulin production by the pancreas
b. characterized by a large 24-hour output of dilute urine
c. characterized by decreased urine production
d. caused by a hypersecretion of ADH
e. none of the above

32. The hormone that stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth is:
a. gonadotropin d., thyroxin
b. oxytocin e. prolactin
c. calcitonin

33. Since thyroxin partially uncouples oxidative phosphorylation,
in what situation could this help a human survive?
a. cold conditions with ample food
b. cold conditions with no food
c. warm conditions with ample food
d. warm conditions with no food
e. none of the above

34. Graves' disease:
a. results from decreased thyroid output during early childhood
b. is associated with a hypersecretion of thyroxin
c. results in atrophy of the thyroid gland
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

35. The function of calcitonin is to:
a. prevent calculi from forming
b. increase blood sodium levels
c. lower blood calcium levels
d. cause calcification of the pineal gland at the time of puberty
e. demineralize oseous tissue

36. The conversion of glucose to glycogen is accelerated by the hormone:
a. insulin d. secretion
b. glucagon e. gastrin
c. enterocrinin

37. Which of the following accelerates conversion of liver glycogen
to glucose?
a. aldosterone d. b and c of the above
b. insulin e. none of the above
c. glucagon

38. The action of which of the following hormones will INCREASE
blood glucose?
a. growth hormone d. all of the above
b. glucocorticoids e. none of the above
c. glucagon

39. A woman who has a DEFICIENCY of aldosterone would most likely have which of the following?
a. a tendency toward infection and poor wound healing
b. an increase in the growth of body hair and a tendency toward other male secondary sex characteristics
c. a decrease in blood volume and hypotension
d. edema and a lower-than-average pulse rate
e. all of the above

40. Which of the following is NOT caused by epinephrine?
a. constriction of arteries in the skin
b. constriction of arteries in the skeletal muscle
c. increase in heartbeat
d. dilation of the bronchial tubes
e. increase in respiratory rate

Interesting Quote:

"People can be divided into three groups:

those who make things happen,

those who watch things happen,

and those who wonder what happened."

NAME:______________________________ Third Examination
Section: 2414 16 April 1992

PART II - ESSAYS (20 points)

Choose two (2) questions, one (1) from each paired set, and answer completely on the bottom and back of this page.

1. A. Compare and contrast obligatory and facultative reabsorption of water. (How are both similar? vs. How are both different?)

B. Describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone intereaction with regard to renal tubular reabsorption.

2. A. Contrast the mechanisms of hormonal action involving interaction with plasma membrane transport receptors with that involving activation of genes.

B. Describe the action of growth hormone and explain how a hyposecretion and a hypersecretion of growth hormone lead to a dysfunction.